Stern MD, in Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry, 2016 The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 When the client's cooperation in the assessment is assured then the MMPI-2 clinical measures can be effective in delineating the mental health symptoms and personality traits, and special problems that the client is likely to be experiencing. The MMPI-2 provides the test user with scores on a number of scales that address important clinical problem areas, such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse, in addition to providing information that allows the practitioner to appraise the client's willingness and frankness to self-disclose information in the appraisal. It is the most widely used and researched clinical personality instrument in use in the USA, and has been translated and adapted in many other languages and cultures.
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The MMPI was revised and modernized in 1989 and titled the MMPI-2. The MMPI rapidly became the standard personality instrument in clinical settings. The MMPI is a self-report inventory that includes a very broad range of problems and was developed according to rigorous empirical research methods. The test authors considered it crucial in evaluating patients' problems to ask them about what they felt and thought. The MMPI, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, was developed in the 1940s as a means of evaluating mental health problems in psychiatric and medical settings. Butcher, in International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2001 In this review, we aim to address this important issue and enhance our current understanding of the different MMPI patterns and dissemination tracks in the brain, liver and lung. In spite of their relevance, MMPIs and organ-specific dissemination tracks are still largely overlooked by many clinicians, pathologists and/or researchers. Additionally, macro-metastases are a source of further tumor cell dissemination in the affected organ and these intra-organ metastatic dissemination tracks starting from the MMPI also vary depending on the anatomical structures of the colonized organ and influence disease outcome. The MMPI patterns could be further classified into three major groups: displacing, epithelial and diffuse infiltrating. Strikingly, the MMPI patterns differed between entities, so that at least nine different patterns were described.
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Recently, infiltrative growth of macro-metastases from various primary tumors was described in the brain, liver and lung, with significant impact on survival. The macro-metastasis/organ parenchyma interface (MMPI) was previously considered an inert anatomical border which sharply separates the affected organ parenchyma from the macro-metastatic tissue. Ira Skvortsova, in Seminars in Cancer Biology, 2019 Abstract